萬能的高考英語短文改錯口訣

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短文改錯口訣:

動詞形,名詞數(shù);

注意形和副;

非謂動詞細辨別;

習(xí)慣用法要記;

句子成分多分析;

邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注。

一. 動詞形

主要包括兩類錯誤:動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如:

My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)

Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)

上述兩例分別屬于時態(tài)錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時間,保持時間概念的一致性。

二. 名詞數(shù)

指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如:

…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)

三. 區(qū)分形和副

及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的?键c。例如:

I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)

需要注意的是,形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。

四. 非謂動詞細辨別

這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤,也包括不定式類錯誤。例如:

…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)

Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)

My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)

上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語,和不定式作目的狀語。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動態(tài)和進行時的含義,而過去分詞具有被動態(tài)和完成時的含義,不定式有將來時態(tài)的含義。

五. 習(xí)慣用法要記住

主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識。這也是歷年高考的?键c,其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。 例如:

It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)

We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

六. 句子成分多分析

不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細致的分析,才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤。例如:

They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)

I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)

第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were,這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語。

七. 邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注

與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤,常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如:

The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)

First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)

… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)

上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開始告訴別人,怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端,“我們”把電視機賣了;晚上沒電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書了,所以該用everyone。

除了上述錯誤類型外,?嫉腻e誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯誤),以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如:

She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)

It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)

We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)

下面是2002年全國高考試題中的短文改錯題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣,F(xiàn)在請你試著做一做,然后參閱題后的答案與簡析。

Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei

Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,it’s famous 76. _____

Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____

Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____

the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____

climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80. _____

and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____

since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____

Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____

of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____

good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____

head touched the pillow.

答案與簡析:

76. famous前加上a.(名詞數(shù))

77. 正確

78. we前面加when,引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。(句子成分多分析)

79. them→us (邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注)

80. visiting→visited(非謂動詞細辨別)

81. picture→pictures(名詞數(shù))

82. passes→passed(動詞形)

83. 去掉down(習(xí)慣用法要記。

84. and→but(but,and,or和so)

85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 習(xí)慣用法要記。

改錯要想拿高分

語法口訣要記牢

(一) 見到謂語找主語,主謂一致找狀語

見到名詞想多數(shù),可不可數(shù)要記牢

見到平行看結(jié)構(gòu),形式功能要對稱

見到代詞找指代,指代通常不合理

帶賓語必帶to,不帶賓語不帶 to

小小of常抓的點,of前名詞adj最高級

比較級不修飾比較級,最高級不修飾最高級

(二)謂與非謂經(jīng);

謂語句中就一個

其余動詞非謂語

常見形式有三種

v-ing ,v-ed和to do

主謂通常v-ing

動賓通常v-ed

現(xiàn)在分詞表主動

過去分詞表被動

目的要用不定式

by前有過去分詞相擁

by后有動名詞后抱

介詞后跟動名詞

時態(tài)基點要搞清

現(xiàn)在還是過去時

(三)規(guī)則是說謊 lie lied lied

不規(guī)則是躺 lie lay lain

躺過就下蛋 lay laid laid

下蛋不規(guī)則

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